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"Hiep Phu La Gi? Khai Niem Can Nam Vung
"Hiep Phu La Gi? Khai Niem Can Nam Vung
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Guest
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Nov 09, 2025
2:18 AM
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"Hiep Phu La Gi? Khai Niem Can Nam Vung
Trong the gioi bong da, 90 phut chinh thuc thuong la khoang thoi gian kich tinh nhat. Tuy nhien, co nhung tran dau ma ket qua van con bo ngo sau khi trong tai thoi coi man cuoc. Do chinh la luc ""hiep phu"" xuat hien, mot khai niem quen thuoc nhung lai mang den vo van cam xuc kho ta.
ket qua bong da Ve co ban, hiep phu la khoang thoi gian thi dau bo sung duoc them vao sau khi hai doi hoa nhau trong thoi gian thi dau chinh thuc (thuong la 90 phut, chia lam hai hiep, moi hiep 45 phut). Muc dich cua hiep phu la de phan dinh thang bai, dac biet trong cac tran dau loai truc tiep tai cac giai dau lon nhu World Cup, Champions League, hay cac cup quoc noi.
Thong thuong, hiep phu bao gom hai hiep, moi hiep keo dai 15 phut, voi mot khoang nghi ngan giua hai hiep phu nay. Tong cong, chung ta co them 30 phut ""vang"" de chung kien kich tinh dang cao.
Tai Sao Can Den Hiep Phu? Phan Dinh Ro Rang
Trong cac vong dau loai truc tiep, viec phai co mot doi di tiep la bat buoc. Neu hai doi van hoa nhau sau 90 phut, ban to chuc khong the de tran dau ket thuc trong su map mo.
Co ba kich ban chinh dan den hiep phu:
1. Hoa sau 90 phut: Day la truong hop pho bien nhat. Neu luat thi dau yeu cau phai co doi thang (vi du: vong ban ket, chung ket), hai doi se buoc vao hiep phu.
2. Luat Ban Thang Ban Thang Tren San Khach (Da Bi Loai Bo): Truoc day, luat nay tung la yeu to quyet dinh. Neu tong ty so hoa nhung doi khach ghi duoc nhieu ban hon tren san doi phuong, doi khach se thang. Tuy nhien, luat nay da duoc nhieu giai dau lon loai bo, khien hiep phu tro nen quan trong hon.
3. Cac Tran Dau Loai Truc Tiep: Trong cac giai dau loai truc tiep, neu khong co ket qua phan dinh sau 90 phut, hiep phu la bat buoc truoc khi nghi den loat sut luan luu.
Cac Hinh Thuc Hiep Phu Qua Cac Thoi Ky
Dieu thu vi la luat le ve hiep phu khong phai luc nao cung giong nhau. Chung ta da trai qua nhung giai doan voi cac quy tac khac nhau, tao nen nhung tran dau co nhip do va chien thuat hoan toan khac biet.
1. Luat Ban Thang Vang (Golden Goal)
Day co le la luat gay tranh cai va hoi hop nhat. Trong luat Ban Thang Vang, neu mot doi ghi ban trong thoi gian hiep phu, tran dau se ket thuc ngay lap tuc, bat ke thoi gian con lai la bao lau.
Uu diem: Tao ra su kich tinh tot do. Doi nao co co hoi ro rang se doc toan luc tan cong ngay lap tuc vi mot ban thang la du.
Nhuoc diem: Co the bi coi la thieu cong bang, vi doi bi thung luoi khong co co hoi go hoa. Luat nay da duoc ap dung tai World Cup 1998 va Euro 2000, nhung cuoi cung da bi FIFA va UEFA loai bo sau EURO 2004.
2. Luat Ban Thang Bac (Silver Goal)
Luat Ban Thang Bac ra doi nhu mot phien ban ""nhe nhang"" hon cua Ban Thang Vang.
Neu doi nao ghi ban trong hiep phu thu nhat (15 phut dau), hiep phu thu hai van dien ra binh thuong.
Neu doi nao ghi ban trong hiep phu thu hai, tran dau se ket thuc ngay lap tuc. Neu van hoa sau 105 phut, hai doi se da het 120 phut.
Luat nay chi ton tai trong mot thoi gian ngan va cung nhanh chong bi khai tu vi su phuc tap va kho hieu cua no doi voi khan gia.
3. Hai Hiep Phu Day Du (15 Phut x 2)
Day la luat ap dung pho bien nhat hien nay tai cac giai dau lon nhu FIFA World Cup hay UEFA Champions League. Hai doi thi dau du 30 phut hiep phu (hai hiep 15 phut). Neu van hoa sau 120 phut, tran dau se duoc quyet dinh bang loat sut luan luu.
Chien Thuat Trong Hiep Phu: Suc Manh The Luc va Tinh Than
Khi buoc vao 30 phut hiep phu, yeu to the luc tro thanh ""vu khi toi thuong"". Cac cau thu da chay rong ra 90 phut, gio day ho phai bung het suc luc con lai.
Tan Cong Hay Phong Thu? Cau Hoi Triet Ly
Cac huan luyen vien phai dua ra quyet dinh cuc ky kho khan:
Choi mao hiem (Ap dung luat Ban Thang Vang): Neu doi ban manh hon va co kha nang dut diem tot, ban se don ep de tim kiem ban thang som. Muc tieu la ket thuc tran dau cang nhanh cang tot.
Choi than trong (Ap dung luat 30 phut): Neu the luc da suy giam nghiem trong, nhieu doi chon cach phong ngu chac chan, cho doi sai lam cua doi phuong hoac chuan bi tam ly cho loat luan luu.
Doi voi cac doi bong khong quen voi viec da luan luu, viec ket thuc tran dau trong 120 phut (du la thang hay thua) van duoc uu tien hon la buoc vao loat dau ""may rui"" kia.
Luan Luu 11m: Lan Ranh Giua Anh Hung va Toi Do
Khi hiep phu ket thuc ma van chua co doi nao vuot len, loat sut luan luu (Penalty Shootout) la phuong thuc cuoi cung de xac dinh nguoi chien thang.
Day la mot cuoc dau tri cang thang, noi ap luc tam ly de nang len doi chan cua cac cau thu. Khoanh khac thu mon can pha thanh cong, hay cu sut cuoi cung bay vao luoi, se dinh doat so phan cua ca mot doi bong va lich su cua giai dau.
Nhieu doi bong lon da guc nga tai loat luan luu sau khi da choi tot trong 120 phut, cho thay day la mot thu thach hoan toan khac biet so voi loi choi chien thuat thong thuong.
Nhung Tran Cau Kinh Dien Voi Ket Qua Hiep Phu Dang Nho
Lich su bong da ghi dau khong it nhung tran dau dien ro nho co hiep phu:
Tran Chung ket World Cup 2014 (Duc vs Argentina): Tran dau keo dai den tan phut 113, khi Mario Götze ghi ban thang vang (thuc chat la ban thang trong hiep phu) de mang ve chiec cup vang thu tu cho Duc. Khoanh khac do la minh chung ro net nhat cho suc manh cua su kien tri den phut cuoi.
Cac tran Ban ket Champions League kich tinh: Khong it nhung man loi nguoc dong ngoan muc hoac nhung ban thang phut cuoi hiep phu da dinh hinh nen su hap dan cua giai dau danh gia nhat chau Au.
Ket Luan: Hiep Phu, Noi Lich Su Duoc Viet Nen
Ket qua hiep phu khong chi la con so tren bang ty so; no la su phan anh cua y chi, the luc va ban linh cua cac cau thu duoi ap luc cao nhat. Du ban la nguoi ham mo doi thang hay doi thua, 30 phut hiep phu luon mang lai nhung cam xuc manh liet nhat, khang dinh rang bong da dich thuc chua bao gio dung lai o con so 90. No keo dai cho den khi trai tim nguoi ham mo khong con co the chiu dung duoc nua!"
Xem them: Cup C2 Chau Au
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